Search results for "030216 legal & forensic medicine"

Quand le protoxyde d’azote ne fait plus rire : épidémiologie, aspects analytiques, incidences clinique et médicojudiciaire

2020

Objectifs Le 11/12/2019, le Senat adoptait la proposition de loi tendant a proteger les mineurs des usages dangereux du protoxyde d’azote (N2O). Cette utilisation n’est pas recente, son abus non plus. Neanmoins, ces dernieres annees sont marquees par un regain d’interet de son usage recreatif, notamment par une population jeune, souvent en association avec d’autres substances psychoactives. Les consequences medicales et medicolegales potentiellement graves que ce detournement peut entrainer en font actuellement une preoccupation grandissante des cliniciens et toxicologues. Il s’agit ici de faire un etat des lieux de la litterature scientifique sur le sujet. Methode Differentes sources d’inf…

Inteligencia artificial, big data y aplicaciones contra la COVID-19: privacidad y protección de datos

2020

espanolEl big data y la IA han fracasado en la prevencion, pero pueden ser muy utiles frente a la COVID-19 e incluso para evitar confinamientos y otras restricciones de derechos que provoca. La IA puede ser extremadamente eficaz para integrar, estructurar y extraer informacion y conocimiento de ingente cantidad y variedad de big data para la investigacion biomedica. Tambien es util para mejorar la atencion e informacion ciudadana y de salud, la telemedicina y la mejor asignacion de los recursos humanos y materiales. Mas amenazante para la privacidad puede ser el desarrollo de apps, pasaportes biologicos electronicos o sistemas de geolocalizacion, trazabilidad y monitoreo de personas impleme…

Human Remains and Funerary Rites in the Phoenician Necropolis of Motya (Sicily)

2017

Whole-genome sequencing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a forensic transmission case.

2019

Abstract Molecular epidemiology and phylogenetic analyses are frequently used in the investigation of viral transmission cases in forensic contexts. Here, we present the methods and results of the analysis of a bacterial transmission episode in an alleged child abuse case using complete genome sequences obtained by high-throughput sequencing (HTS) methods. We obtained genomes of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from the victim, the suspect, and 29 unrelated controls. The analysis of the genomes revealed that the victim and suspect isolates had identical sequences in both the bacterial chromosome and the single plasmid present in them. One of the local controls was very similar (differing in only 2 SNP…

Old meets new: Comparative examination of conventional and innovative RNA-based methods for body fluid identification of laundered seminal fluid stai…

2018

Abstract The knowledge about the type of the body fluid/tissue that contributed to a trace can provide contextual insight into crime scene reconstruction and connect a suspect or a victim to a crime scene. Especially in sexual assault cases, it is important to verify the presence of spermatozoa. Victims often tend to clean their underwear/bedding after a sexual assault. If they later decide to report the crime to the police, in our experience, investigators usually do not send laundered items for DNA examination, since they believe that analysis after washing is no longer promising. As not only the individualization of traces on laundered items could be important in court, but also the type…

Membrane Attack Complex in Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: A Systematic Review for Post Mortem Applications

2020

The complement system has a significant role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, being responsible for cell lysis and amplification of inflammatory response. In this context, several studies highlight that terminal complement complex C5b-9, also known as the membrane attack complex (MAC), is a significant contributor. The MAC functions were studied by many researchers analyzing the characteristics of its activation in myocardial infarction. Here, a systematic literature review was reported to evaluate the principal features, advantages, and limits (regarding the application) of complement components and MAC in post mortem settings to perform the diagnosis of myocardial ischemia/infar…

Analysis of metacarpal V fractures of an interdisciplinary emergency room of an urban German hospital from a forensic viewpoint

2015

Metacarpal V fractures, especially metacarpal neck fractures, are known to the forensic society as a ‘boxer’s fracture’ and are described as being mostly caused by punching an immovable or firm object with force with a closed fist. To our knowledge there is no larger study that examines these fractures under forensic considerations of epidemiology. Our study includes the analysis of metacarpal V fractures in an interdisciplinary, academic and university-affiliated emergency department of an urban hospital over a period of three years. Emergency data sheets were systematically analysed and X-rays evaluated. The results were compared with the existing literature.

CONOCIMIENTOS, COMPORTAMIENTO Y ACTITUDES SEXUALES EN ADULTOS CON DISCAPACIDAD INTELECTUAL

2014

Abstract:KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND SEXUAL BEHAVIOR IN ADULTS WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIESThis paper conducts an exploratory study whose overall objective is to analyze sexual behavior, level of knowledge and attitudes about safe sex practices in a sample of people with intellectual disabilities to prevent sexual violence against this group. The sample is composed of 78 people (39 men and 39 women) with a mild or moderate intellectual disability. The results obtained through a structured interview indicate that the level of knowledge about sexual practices highlights that 73.1% had sexual intercourse, 87.4% had knowledge of the different types of contraceptive methods and 56.3% trust the pr…

Chiral Serum Pharmacokinetics of 4-Fluoroamphetamine after Controlled Oral Administration

2021

Abstract Over the last two decades, misuse of 4-fluoroamphetamine (4-FA) became an emerging issue in many European countries. Stimulating effects last for 4–6 hours and can impact psychomotor performance. The metabolism of amphetamine-type stimulants is stereoselective and quantification of (R)- and (S)-enantiomers has been suggested for assessing time of use. To date, no data on enantioselective pharmacokinetics is available for 4-FA in serum samples. An enantioselective liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS-MS) method was developed using a chiral Phenomenex® Lux 3 μm AMP column. Validation of the method showed satisfactory selectivity, sensitivity, linearity (0.5–250 ng/mL…

Water content of latent fingerprints - Dispelling the myth.

2016

Abstract Changing procedures in the handling of rare and precious documents in museums and elsewhere, based on assumptions about constituents of latent fingerprints, have led the author to an examination of available data. These changes appear to have been triggered by one paper using general biological data regarding eccrine sweat production to infer that deposited fingerprints are mostly water. Searching the fingerprint literature has revealed a number of reference works similarly quoting figures for average water content of deposited fingerprints of 98% or more. Whilst accurate estimation is difficult there is no evidence that the residue on fingers could be anything like 98% water, even…